一、什么是電氣一次，二次？

First, what is electrical primary and secondary?

展現(xiàn)在電氣一次擺設(shè)與二次擺設(shè)的辨別上：

It is reflected in the difference between electrical primary equipment and secondary equipment:

一次擺設(shè)是指徑直用來消費(fèi)、保送和調(diào)配電能的消費(fèi)進(jìn)程的高壓電氣擺設(shè)。它囊括電機(jī)、變壓器、斷路器、隔擺脫關(guān)、機(jī)動(dòng)電門、交戰(zhàn)器、刀電門、母線、輸電纜路、風(fēng)力電纜、內(nèi)阻器、電效果等。

Primary equipment refers to high-voltage electrical equipment that is directly used in the production process of producing, transporting and distributing electrical energy. It includes generators, transformers, circuit breakers, disconnectors, automatic switches, contactors, knife switches, busbars, transmission lines, power cables, reactors, motors, etc.

由一次擺設(shè)彼此貫穿，形成火力發(fā)電、輸電、配電或舉行其余消費(fèi)進(jìn)程的電氣擺設(shè)稱為一次擺設(shè)。

Electrical equipment that consists of primary devices connected to each other to make up power generation, transmission, distribution or other production processes is called primary equipment.

二次擺設(shè)是指對一次擺設(shè)的處事舉行監(jiān)測、遏制、安排、養(yǎng)護(hù)以及為運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、保護(hù)職員供給運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)工況或消費(fèi)引導(dǎo)旗號(hào)所需的工業(yè)氣壓電氣擺設(shè)。如熔斷器、遏制電門、替續(xù)器、遏制電纜等。

Secondary equipment refers to the low-voltage electrical equipment required for monitoring, controlling, regulating, protecting the work of primary equipment and providing operating conditions or production command signals for operation and maintenance personnel. Such as fuses, control switches, relays, control cables, etc.

由二次擺設(shè)彼此貫穿，形成對一次擺設(shè)舉行監(jiān)測、遏制、安排和養(yǎng)護(hù)的電氣擺設(shè)稱為二次擺設(shè)。

Electrical equipment that is connected to each other by secondary equipment and constitutes a primary equipment for monitoring, controlling, regulating and protecting is called secondary equipment.

二、電氣一次的分門別類

Second, the classification of electrical primary

電氣一次擺設(shè)按照其在消費(fèi)中的效率不妨分為六大類：

Electrical primary equipment can be divided into six categories according to its role in production:

（1）消費(fèi)和變換電能的擺設(shè)。如電機(jī)將板滯能變換為電能、電效果將電能變換成板滯能、變壓器將電壓升高或貶低等，以滿意輸配電須要。

(1) Equipment for producing and converting electrical energy. For example, the generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, the motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, and the transformer raises or lowers the voltage to meet the needs of power transmission and distribution.

（2）接通或割斷通路的電門電器。如斷路器、隔擺脫關(guān)、熔斷器、交戰(zhàn)器等。它們用來風(fēng)力體例平?；蚴伦儬顩r時(shí)，將通路緊閉或割斷。

(2) Switch electrical appliances that turn on or off the circuit. Such as circuit breakers, disconnectors, fuses, contactors and so on. They are used to close or disconnect circuits when the power system is in a normal or accident state.

（3）控制妨礙交流電和提防過電壓的電器。如控制短路交流電的內(nèi)阻器和提防過電壓的避雷器等。

(3) Electrical appliances that limit fault current and defend against overvoltage. Such as an reactor that limits the short-circuit current and a lightning arrester that protects against overvoltage.

（4）接地安裝。它是埋入地市直接與地面交戰(zhàn)的非金屬半導(dǎo)體及與電氣擺設(shè)貫串的非金屬線。不管是風(fēng)力體例中性點(diǎn)的處事接地或養(yǎng)護(hù)人身安定的養(yǎng)護(hù)接地，均同埋入地中的接地安裝貫串。

(4) Grounding device. It is a metal conductor buried in the ground that is in direct contact with the earth and a metal wire connected to electrical equipment. Whether it is the working grounding of the neutral point in the power system or the protective grounding to protect personal safety, it is connected to the grounding device buried in the ground.

（5）載流半導(dǎo)體。如裸半導(dǎo)體、電纜等。按安排訴求，將相關(guān)電氣擺設(shè)貫穿起來。

(5) Current-carrying conductor. Such as bare conductors, cables, etc. As required by the design, the electrical equipment in question is connected.

（6）交談電氣一、二次之間的變換擺設(shè)。如電壓和交流電互感器，經(jīng)過它們將一次側(cè)的電壓、交流電變化為二次體例。

(6) AC electrical conversion equipment between the first and second times. Such as voltage and current transformers, through which the voltage and current on the primary side are converted into a secondary system.

三、電氣二次回路小分門別類

Third, the electrical secondary circuit small classification

1、遏制（操縱）回路：由遏制電門與遏制東西（如斷路器、隔擺脫關(guān)）的傳播組織、實(shí)行（或操縱）組織構(gòu)成。其效率是對一次擺設(shè)舉行“合”、“分”操縱。

1. Control (operation) loop: it is composed of a transmission mechanism and an execution (or operation) mechanism between the control switch and the control object (such as a circuit breaker or isolating switch). Its role is to "merge" and "divide" the equipment.

2、安排回路：是指安排型機(jī)動(dòng)安裝。如由VQC體例對主變舉行有載調(diào)壓的安裝，電機(jī)的勵(lì)磁安排安裝。它是由丈量組織、傳遞組織、安排器和實(shí)行組織構(gòu)成。

2. Adjustment circuit: refers to the adjustment type automatic device. For example, the device for on-load voltage regulation of the main transformer by the VQC system, the excitation regulation device of the generator. It is composed of a measuring mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a regulator and an actuator.

其效率是按照一次擺設(shè)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù)的變革，及時(shí)在線安排一次擺設(shè)的處事狀況，以滿意運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)訴求。

Its role is to adjust the working state of the equipment in real time according to the change of the operating parameters of the primary equipment to meet the operating requirements.

3、繼電養(yǎng)護(hù)和機(jī)動(dòng)安裝回路：是由丈量回路、比擬局部、論理局部和實(shí)行局部等構(gòu)成。

其效率是按照一次擺設(shè)和體例的運(yùn)奇跡態(tài)，確定其爆發(fā)妨礙或特殊時(shí)，機(jī)動(dòng)發(fā)出跳閘吩咐有采用性地切除妨礙，并發(fā)出相映的旗號(hào)，當(dāng)妨礙或特殊消逝后，趕快加入相關(guān)斷路器（重合閘及備用水源機(jī)動(dòng)加入安裝），回復(fù)體例的平常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。（證明：之上主假如指慣例的電磁型替續(xù)器等形成的養(yǎng)護(hù)與機(jī)動(dòng)安裝）

3. Relay protection and automatic device circuit: it is composed of measurement circuit, comparison part, logic part and execution part.

Its role is to judge the failure or abnormality according to the running state of the equipment and system, automatically issue a tripping command to selectively cut the fault, and send out the corresponding signal, when the fault or abnormality disappears, quickly put into the relevant circuit breaker (reclosing and standby power automatic input device), restore the normal operation of the system. (Note: The above mainly refers to the protection and automatic devices composed of conventional electromagnetic relays, etc.)

4、丈量回路：由百般丈量風(fēng)度及其關(guān)系回路構(gòu)成。

其效率是引導(dǎo)或記載一次擺設(shè)和體例的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù)，再不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)職員控制一次體例的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)情景，同聲也是領(lǐng)會(huì)電能品質(zhì)、計(jì)劃財(cái)經(jīng)目標(biāo)、領(lǐng)會(huì)體例潮水和主擺設(shè)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)工況的重要按照。（證明：歸納機(jī)動(dòng)化已使該回路與三次回路的分界點(diǎn)越來越朦朧）

4. Measuring circuit: it is composed of various measuring instruments and related circuits.

Its role is to indicate or record the operating parameters of a primary equipment and system, so that the operator can grasp the operation of the system, and it is also the main basis for analyzing power quality, calculating economic indicators, understanding the system power flow and the operating conditions of the main equipment. (Note: Integrated automation has made the demarcation point between this loop and the tertiary loop increasingly blurred)

5、旗號(hào)回路：由旗號(hào)發(fā)送組織和旗號(hào)替續(xù)器等形成。

其效率是反應(yīng)一、二次擺設(shè)的處事狀況。

5. Signal loop: it is composed of signal transmission mechanism and signal relay.

Its role is to reflect the working state of the primary and secondary equipment.

6、操縱電源體例：由電源擺設(shè)和供電搜集構(gòu)成，它常囊括直流電電源體例和交談電源體例。

其效率主假如給遏制、養(yǎng)護(hù)、旗號(hào)等擺設(shè)供給處事電源與操縱電源，供結(jié)主變冷卻、結(jié)水與結(jié)煤等能源擺設(shè)，保證火力發(fā)電廠與變電所一切擺設(shè)平常處事。

6, the operation of the power system: by the power supply equipment and power supply network, it often includes DC power system and AC power system.

Its role is mainly to provide working power and operating power supply for control, protection, signal and other equipment, and to provide power equipment such as main transformer cooling, water and coal, to ensure the normal operation of all equipment of power plants and substations.

四、電氣一次和二次的辨別

Fourth, the difference between electrical primary and secondary

電氣一次是主接報(bào),滿意電能的傳輸;

Electrical once is the main wiring, to meet the transmission of electrical energy;

電氣二次接報(bào)是對一次接報(bào)舉行監(jiān)測,遏制和處置等操效率，以保護(hù)電氣一次安定真實(shí)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

Electrical secondary wiring is to monitor, control and manage the operation of primary wiring to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the electrical primary.

（1）一次：指電氣擺設(shè)，如變壓器/油電門/隔擺脫關(guān)/電門柜/避雷器/電纜/排擠線路之類。

(1) Once: refers to electrical equipment, such as transformers / oil switches / disconnectors / switch cabinets / lightning arresters / cables / overhead lines and so on.

（2）二次：指一次擺設(shè)的遏制或養(yǎng)護(hù)安裝，如端子排/繼電養(yǎng)護(hù)/遏制回路之類。

(2) Secondary: refers to the control or protection device of the primary equipment, such as terminal block/relay protection/control loop and so on.

一次通路也叫主通路，它是從電源到負(fù)載保送電能時(shí)交流電所過程的通路。一次通路中的百般電氣擺設(shè)叫一次擺設(shè)，它們囊括了百般電門、斷路器、交戰(zhàn)器、熔斷器和用水?dāng)[設(shè)。

二次通路也叫扶助通路，它是為實(shí)行一定的遏制訴求對主通路舉行遏制、養(yǎng)護(hù)、監(jiān)督、丈量的通路。二次回路中的各擺設(shè)叫二次擺設(shè)，它們囊括百般遏制電門（如按鈕等），替續(xù)器、交戰(zhàn)器的線圈和扶助觸點(diǎn)、旗號(hào)燈、丈量風(fēng)度等。

在風(fēng)力體例中，一次擺設(shè)是指徑直用來消費(fèi)、保送、調(diào)配電能的電氣擺設(shè)，囊括電機(jī)、風(fēng)力變壓器、斷路器、隔擺脫關(guān)、母線、風(fēng)力電纜和輸電纜路等，是形成風(fēng)力體例的主體。二次擺設(shè)是用來對風(fēng)力體例及一次擺設(shè)的工況舉行監(jiān)測、遏制、丈量、安排和養(yǎng)護(hù)的工業(yè)氣壓電氣擺設(shè)，囊括丈量風(fēng)度、一次擺設(shè)的遏制、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)情景監(jiān)督旗號(hào)以及機(jī)動(dòng)化監(jiān)察和控制體例、繼電養(yǎng)護(hù)和安定機(jī)動(dòng)安裝、通訊擺設(shè)等。二次擺設(shè)之間按確定的功效訴求貫穿在一道所形成的電氣回路統(tǒng)稱為二次接報(bào)或稱為二次回路，它是保證風(fēng)力體例安定消費(fèi)、財(cái)經(jīng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和真實(shí)供電不行缺乏的要害構(gòu)成局部。

In the power system, primary equipment refers to electrical equipment directly used for the production, transmission and distribution of electrical energy, including generators, power transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, busbars, power cables and transmission lines, etc., which are the main body of the power system. Secondary equipment is a low-voltage electrical equipment used to monitor, control, measure, regulate and protect the working conditions of the power system and primary equipment, including measuring instruments, control of primary equipment, operation monitoring signals and automatic monitoring systems, relay protection and safety automatic devices, communication equipment, etc. The electrical circuits formed by the secondary equipment connected together according to certain functional requirements are collectively referred to as the secondary wiring or the secondary circuit, which is an indispensable part of ensuring the safe production, economic operation and reliable power supply of the power system.

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