所有2月，新冠肺炎疫情連接在華夏傳遞，上億華夏群眾發(fā)端了“宅在教”的生存。在疫情的重心，湖北武漢，火神山、雷神山病院接踵發(fā)端接收治療病家，隨后又有多個方艙病院建交加入運用。醫(yī)務(wù)職員孜孜不倦苦戰(zhàn)在抗疫第一線，而為了保護(hù)普遍大眾的凡是生存，各類電商發(fā)端發(fā)力，特快專遞員變成了另一條“人命線”。這個月，咱們的熱語匯總基礎(chǔ)都與新冠肺炎疫情關(guān)系。

火神山病院 Huoshenshan Hospital

Huoshenshan (Fire God Mountain) Hospital was delivered Sunday in Wuhan. It is dedicated to treating patients infected with the novel coronavirus.武漢火神山病院于2月2日托付，將特意用來調(diào)節(jié)新式冠狀宏病毒熏染患者。

A total of 1,400 medical staff from the armed forces are tasked with treating patients in Huoshenshan Hospital starting from Monday. The medics consist of 950 people from hospitals affiliated to the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Joint Logistic Support Force, and 450 from medical universities of the army, navy and air force of the PLA who were sent to Wuhan earlier.部隊抽組1400名醫(yī)生和護(hù)士職員于2月3日起接受武漢火神山新式冠狀宏病毒熏染肺炎專長病院調(diào)理救護(hù)工作。此次抽組的調(diào)理力氣來自三軍各別的調(diào)理單元，個中，聯(lián)勤保護(hù)隊伍分屬病院抽組950人，先期達(dá)到的海軍軍醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)、水師軍醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)、空軍軍醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)450人歸入一致編組。

為救護(hù)新式冠狀宏病毒熏染的肺炎患者，處置現(xiàn)有調(diào)理資源不及的題目，武漢確定興修火神山病院，興辦表面積34000公畝，可包含1000張床位。

The new facility will ease the shortage of beds in the city resulting from an increasing number of patients infected with the novel coronavirus.新病院將緩和武漢因熏染新式冠狀宏病毒患者連接減少而引導(dǎo)的床位缺乏題目。

動作一所傳抱病病院，大到屋子的構(gòu)造構(gòu)造，小到一個下行彈道，在各項防備辦法上面，近乎刻薄。而充溢模仿小湯山病院，讓火神山病院的安排與樹立“站在偉人的肩膀上”。

——分區(qū)莊重分隔（different sections are strictly separated）。經(jīng)過樹立純潔區(qū)（cleaning section）、半傳染區(qū)（partially contaminated section）、傳染區(qū)（contaminated section）及醫(yī)生和護(hù)士職員專用通道和病家專用通道（separate routes for medical staff and patients）的安置辦法，莊重制止穿插熏染（cross infection）。調(diào)理區(qū)與生存區(qū)同樣莊重分隔。醫(yī)生和護(hù)士職員出入病區(qū)樹立囊括風(fēng)淋在前的專用保健經(jīng)過辦法，最大控制地養(yǎng)護(hù)醫(yī)生和護(hù)士職員的安康安定。

——病房帶上“口罩”（every ward is technically masked）。離大地排擠30厘米的每間病房，安置兩張病榻，均設(shè)有獨力的盥洗室。兩扇窗戶和通道構(gòu)成的專用分隔防備窗，用來方劑和食物的傳播。病院絕大局部屋子都是負(fù)壓屋子（most of the rooms in the hospital are under negative pressure），屋子內(nèi)的壓力比表面低，猶如給病房帶上“口罩”，制止宏病毒跟著氣旋爆發(fā)穿插熏染。

——傳染會合處置（all contaminated resources go through high-standard disinfection）。病院敷設(shè)了5萬公畝的防滲膜，掩蓋所有院區(qū)，保證傳染物不會浸透到泥土水體中，同聲病院安置了雪水、渾水處置體例，過程兩次氯氣殺菌處置，達(dá)到規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后才可排放。一切屋子排風(fēng)均過程消鴆殺菌及高效過濾達(dá)到規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后，才太空排放。

A second special hospital for the treatment of the novel coronavirus — Leishenshan Hospital — is under construction in Wuhan. It is expected to be completed on Wednesday and start receiving patients the following day.另一座新式冠狀宏病毒調(diào)節(jié)病院——雷神山病院也正在武漢動工樹立，該病院希望在2月5日竣工，并于越日發(fā)端接診。

方艙病院 mobile cabin hospital

Wuhan will make use of the city's sports stadium and two convention centers, and renovate them into three mobile cabin hospitals to offer a total of 3,400 beds to treat novel coronavirus infected patients with mild symptoms.武漢將把該市的一處圖書館和兩個會議及展覽重心改建交三所“方艙病院”，以接收治療新式冠狀宏病毒熏染的肺炎輕癥患者為主，將供給3400張調(diào)理床位。

【常識點】

“方艙病院”（mobile cabin hospitals）是人民解放軍野戰(zhàn)靈活調(diào)理體例的一種（part of mobile field medical system of the PLA），在百般救急救護(hù)中也有普遍運用?！胺脚摬≡骸逼毡橛烧{(diào)理功效單位（medical treatment）、病房單位（ward）、本領(lǐng)保護(hù)單位（technical support）等局部形成，是一種模塊化保健裝置，具備緊拯救治（emergency treatment）、五官科處治（surgical treatment）、臨床檢查（clinical tests）等多上面功效。

這三處“方艙病院”坐落洪山圖書館（800張床位）、武漢客堂（2000張床位）、武漢國際會議及展覽重心（1000張床位）。

Medical staff will be dispatched to the three hospitals to take care of patients who test positive for the virus — but show no severe symptoms — as soon as they are completed. Once a patient's symptoms worsen, he or she will be transferred to Jinyintan Hospital, one of the city's designated hospitals to admit patients infected with the new virus, in a timely manner.上述病院建交后將派醫(yī)生和護(hù)士職員前去，光顧熏染了新式冠狀宏病毒、但癥候不重要的患者。一旦患者病況逆轉(zhuǎn)，將準(zhǔn)時被轉(zhuǎn)入確定地點病院金銀箔潭病院。

病死率 fatality rate

2月4日下晝，國度保健安康委進(jìn)行消息頒布會，引見了新式冠狀宏病毒熏染的肺炎重癥患者的調(diào)理救護(hù)情景。

The current case fatality rate (CFR) of the novel coronavirus infection on the Chinese mainland has dropped to 2.1 percent, Chinese health authorities said Tuesday.國度衛(wèi)健委表白，世界新式冠狀宏病毒熏染的肺炎患者病死率已降至2.1%。

The CFR remained stable after an initial 2.3 percent recorded at the beginning of the outbreak, said Jiao Yahui with the National Health Commission at a daily press briefing on the epidemic.國度衛(wèi)健委醫(yī)政醫(yī)療管理局副局長焦雅輝在頒布會上表白，世界的病死率在疫情前期的功夫是2.3%，暫時基礎(chǔ)上是寧靜的。

【常識點】

病死率（case fatality rate，CFR）指一段功夫內(nèi)患有某個病征的一切患者中，因該病犧牲人頭所占的比率。病死率的計劃辦法即是，用該病人患者犧牲人頭除以該病一切患者人頭。

與之關(guān)系的再有一個觀念即是，發(fā)病率（incidence rate），指一定人群在確定功夫內(nèi)爆發(fā)某個病征新病例的頻次。

The CFR in Hubei province was 3.1 percent, as the majority of the deaths occurred in the province, which saw a death toll of 414, over 97 percent of the total.犧牲患者重要會合在湖北省，累計414人，占世界97%，湖北省確診病例的病死率為3.1%。

In Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei, the CFR stood at 4.9 percent and the death toll was 313, accounting for 74 percent of the national total.武漢市的犧牲人頭是313人，占世界犧牲的74%，武漢確診病例病死率是4.9%。

2月4日下晝，國度保健安康委進(jìn)行消息頒布會，引見了新式冠狀宏病毒熏染的肺炎重癥患者的調(diào)理救護(hù)情景。

The current case fatality rate (CFR) of the novel coronavirus infection on the Chinese mainland has dropped to 2.1 percent, Chinese health authorities said Tuesday.國度衛(wèi)健委表白，世界新式冠狀宏病毒熏染的肺炎患者病死率已降至2.1%。

The CFR remained stable after an initial 2.3 percent recorded at the beginning of the outbreak, said Jiao Yahui with the National Health Commission at a daily press briefing on the epidemic.國度衛(wèi)健委醫(yī)政醫(yī)療管理局副局長焦雅輝在頒布會上表白，世界的病死率在疫情前期的功夫是2.3%，暫時基礎(chǔ)上是寧靜的。

【常識點】

病死率（case fatality rate，CFR）指一段功夫內(nèi)患有某個病征的一切患者中，因該病犧牲人頭所占的比率。病死率的計劃辦法即是，用該病人患者犧牲人頭除以該病一切患者人頭。

與之關(guān)系的再有一個觀念即是，發(fā)病率（incidence rate），指一定人群在確定功夫內(nèi)爆發(fā)某個病征新病例的頻次。

The CFR in Hubei province was 3.1 percent, as the majority of the deaths occurred in the province, which saw a death toll of 414, over 97 percent of the total.犧牲患者重要會合在湖北省，累計414人，占世界97%，湖北省確診病例的病死率為3.1%。

In Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei, the CFR stood at 4.9 percent and the death toll was 313, accounting for 74 percent of the national total.武漢市的犧牲人頭是313人，占世界犧牲的74%，武漢確診病例病死率是4.9%。

The fatality rate outside Hubei was only 0.16 percent.即使除掉湖北省，其余省份的病死率是0.16%。

More than 80 percent of the deaths were elderly people over 60 years old, and over 75 percent had at least one underlying disease such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and tumors.犧牲患者以遐齡為主，80%之上都是60歲之上的暮年人，75%之上有一種之上的普通病癥，如血汗管病、糖尿病以及腫瘤等。

中心一號文獻(xiàn) No. 1 central document

21世紀(jì)此后第17個引導(dǎo)“三農(nóng)”處事的中心一號文獻(xiàn)2月5日頒布。

This year the document urged efforts on two main tasks -- winning the battle against poverty and strengthening areas of weakness concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, as the country strives to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects this year.文獻(xiàn)指出，2020年是所有建交小康戶社會目的實行之年，有兩個中心工作要實行：打贏擺脫貧困強(qiáng)占戰(zhàn)，補上三農(nóng)”范圍超過短板。

【常識點】

中心一號文獻(xiàn)（No. 1 central document）指中國共產(chǎn)黨中心年年頒布的第一份文獻(xiàn)（the first policy statement released by central authorities each year）。中國共產(chǎn)黨中心在2004年至2020年貫串十七年頒布以“三農(nóng)”（農(nóng)業(yè)、鄉(xiāng)村、農(nóng)夫）為中心的中心一號文獻(xiàn)，夸大了“三農(nóng)”題目（issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers）在華夏社會主義新穎化功夫“重中之重”的位置。

這份文獻(xiàn)題為《中國共產(chǎn)黨中心 國務(wù)院對于抓好“三農(nóng)”范圍中心處事保證準(zhǔn)期實行所有小康戶的看法》，全文共5個局部，囊括：頑強(qiáng)打贏擺脫貧困強(qiáng)占戰(zhàn)（win the battle against poverty）；對標(biāo)所有建交小康戶社會加速補上鄉(xiāng)村普通辦法和大眾效勞短板（improve infrastructure and public services in rural areas）；保護(hù)要害農(nóng)產(chǎn)物靈驗需要和激動農(nóng)夫連接增加收入（ensure supplies of important agricultural products, promote the increases in farmers' incomes）；鞏固鄉(xiāng)村下層處置（strengthen grassroots governance in rural areas）；加強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)村補短板保護(hù)辦法（improve rural weak links）。

簡直重心如次：

China has made decisive achievements in poverty relief and vowed to fully realize poverty elimination targets this year. In doing so, the country will increase support for areas in deep poverty by adding poverty alleviation funds, the document said.擺脫貧困強(qiáng)占仍舊博得確定性功效，此刻到了攻城拔寨、所有收官的階段。各級財務(wù)要連接減少專項扶貧資本，中心財務(wù)新增局部重要用來深度艱難地域。

Efforts should also be made to provide institutional guarantees to prevent people from returning to poverty after being lifted out of it in a bid to consolidate poverty relief results.為堅韌擺脫貧困功效供給軌制保護(hù)，提防返貧。

The document noted that the country should keep the poverty alleviation policies on stable footing.維持?jǐn)[脫貧困強(qiáng)占策略總體寧靜。

China will see an immense change after it accomplishes its poverty elimination tasks, it said, urging that poverty reduction work should center more on addressing relative poverty and become normalized.擺脫貧困強(qiáng)占工作實行后，我國艱難情景將爆發(fā)宏大變革，扶貧處事中心轉(zhuǎn)向處置對立艱難，扶貧處事辦法由會合興辦安排為常態(tài)促成。

The country should establish long-term mechanisms and strengthen the "top-level design" to tackle relative poverty while accelerating its pace to introduce the guideline, connecting poverty alleviation efforts with rural vitalization strategies.要接洽創(chuàng)造處置對立艱難的長效體制，鞏固處置對立艱難題目高層安排，加緊接洽擬訂擺脫貧困強(qiáng)占與實行農(nóng)村興盛策略有機(jī)貫串的看法。

Areas of weakness in rural work such as infrastructure and public services should be improved, while efforts should be made to ensure safe drinking water and strengthen rural environmental protection, said the document.加速補上鄉(xiāng)村普通辦法和大眾效勞短板，普及鄉(xiāng)村供水保護(hù)程度，堅固搞好鄉(xiāng)村人居情況整理。

Rural education will be further improved by strengthening the building of boarding schools in townships and increasing supplies of inclusive preschool education resources through multiple channels, it said.鞏固州里投止制書院樹立，多渠道減少普惠性學(xué)前培養(yǎng)資源需要。

The document also noted that the country will beef up efforts on improving medical and health services in rural areas.鞏固鄉(xiāng)村下層調(diào)理保健效勞。

As food security is a top priority, China will secure supplies of important agricultural products and maintain the stability of grain planting areas and output this year.保證食糧安定一直是治國理政的頭號大事。保護(hù)要害農(nóng)產(chǎn)物靈驗需要，食糧下種表面積和產(chǎn)量要維持基礎(chǔ)寧靜。

China will work to return hog production capacity to normal levels by the end of 2020, support the production of dairy and poultry products and guide the optimization of meat consumption structure, according to the document.要采用歸納性辦法，保證2020年年終宿世豬生產(chǎn)能力基礎(chǔ)回復(fù)到逼近平常年份程度。扶助奶業(yè)、禽類等消費，啟發(fā)優(yōu)化肉類耗費構(gòu)造。

The document called for the integrated industrial development in rural areas propelled by a whole industry chain based on local resources and advantages, along with industrial clusters with a competitive edge.扶助各地安身資源上風(fēng)制造各具特性的農(nóng)業(yè)全財產(chǎn)鏈，產(chǎn)生有比賽力的財產(chǎn)集群。

Agricultural structures should be optimized to feature more high-quality agricultural products and better certification of healthy food, organic produce and source of production, while e-commerce penetration in rural areas and oversight of food and produce should be enhanced.連接安排優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)構(gòu)造，鞏固綠色食物、有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)物、地輿標(biāo)記農(nóng)產(chǎn)物認(rèn)證和處置，夸大電子商務(wù)進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村掩蓋面，創(chuàng)造健康農(nóng)產(chǎn)物和食物追究體制。

It also urged the stable employment of migrant workers among efforts to protect their wages.寧靜農(nóng)夫工工作。

Governance and the leadership of the Communist Party of China in rural communities should be strengthened, it said.鞏固鄉(xiāng)村下層黨構(gòu)造處置和引導(dǎo)本領(lǐng)。

The document also vowed more investments into rural work, encouraging the issuance of local government special bonds to boost rural vitalization as well as monetary, fiscal and policy support for rural work.加大中心和場合財務(wù)“三農(nóng)”加入力度，各地應(yīng)無序夸大用來扶助農(nóng)村興盛的專項債券刊行范圍，加強(qiáng)對“三農(nóng)”信用貸款的錢幣、財政與稅收、禁錮策略正向鼓勵。

New agricultural entities such as qualified family farms are eligible to enjoy preferential credit and tax policies, it said.適合前提的家園農(nóng)場等新式農(nóng)業(yè)籌備主體可按規(guī)則享用現(xiàn)行反革命小微企業(yè)關(guān)系貸款稅收減輕策略。

The country will steadily expand pilot reforms of inclusive finance in rural areas and advance the listing of futures and options related to agricultural products.妥當(dāng)夸大鄉(xiāng)村普惠金融變革試點，連接促成農(nóng)產(chǎn)物期貨期貨合作選擇權(quán)種類掛牌。

Land for the development of rural industries should be guaranteed, it said.保護(hù)農(nóng)村財產(chǎn)興盛征地。

The document also stressed efforts to encourage rural migrant workers, college graduates, veterans and entrepreneurs to start businesses in rural areas and support the application of more technological achievements in rural areas.流利各類人才下鄉(xiāng)渠道，扶助大弟子、復(fù)員武士、企業(yè)家比及鄉(xiāng)村管事創(chuàng)業(yè)。加強(qiáng)高科技維持效率。

The country vowed to step up breakthroughs in key agricultural core technologies and develop heavy smart agricultural machinery. Meanwhile, the building of agricultural innovation platforms such as science and technology centers should be strengthened.鞏固農(nóng)業(yè)要害中心本領(lǐng)攻關(guān)，加速中小型、智能化、復(fù)合型農(nóng)業(yè)板滯研制和運用。鞏固農(nóng)業(yè)財產(chǎn)高科技革新重心樹立。

The document also stressed key reforms in rural area. The country will improve the basic rural operation system, advance reform of the rural land system and make specific policies on extending the current round of rural land contracts for another 30 years upon expiration based on trials.抓好鄉(xiāng)村中心變革工作。完備鄉(xiāng)村基礎(chǔ)籌備軌制，發(fā)展第二輪地盤承包到時后再延遲30年試點，在試點普通上接洽擬訂延包的簡直方法。

China will press ahead with pilot reforms of the rural collective property rights system nationwide, the document said.所有推開鄉(xiāng)村普遍產(chǎn)權(quán)軌制變革試點。

The document urged the deepening of reform in agricultural administration to perfect the law enforcement system and improve law enforcement capabilities.深入農(nóng)業(yè)歸納行政法律變革，完備法律體制，普及法律本領(lǐng)。

Policies should fit local conditions and farmers' wishes, the document noted, stressing that officials should avoid formalism and bureaucracy in policy implementation.維持從鄉(xiāng)村本質(zhì)動身，就地取材，敬仰農(nóng)民心愿，力戒情勢主義、權(quán)要主義。

穿插熏染 cross infection

交通輸送部輸送效勞司副司長蔡結(jié)合2月6日在國務(wù)院治安聯(lián)合防治聯(lián)控體制消息頒布會上說，對準(zhǔn)返還大客流，交通輸送部有對準(zhǔn)性地接洽關(guān)系保護(hù)計劃，頑強(qiáng)提防疫情經(jīng)過交通輸送東西傳遞，貶低客流輸出地域的輸出性危害。

To contain virus infections during the trips, railways, airports and other public transportation operators have intensified disinfection, ventilation and sanitation of vehicles and stations.為了提防宏病毒傳遞，鐵路、中國民用航空公司以及其余交通輸送部分均鞏固了交通輸送東西和停車場和停車站的殺菌、透風(fēng)和保健純潔。

Passengers will go through body temperature screening at both entrances and exits of operating public transportation stations across the country. People found to have caught a fever above 37.3 degrees Celsius will be transferred to health departments.搭客出入貨運停車場和停車站均需測量溫度，即使創(chuàng)造有搭客體溫勝過37.3度，第一功夫交代保健安康部分。

Meanwhile, steps have been taken to make sure vehicles are not fully booked to allow a safe distance between passengers, Cai said, adding that temporary isolation areas had been set in the vehicles to avoid cross-infections in case of emergency during the journey.同聲，遏制交通輸送東西客座率，保證搭客之間有確定安定隔絕，其余，預(yù)留一局部空間動作爆發(fā)情景時的姑且分隔地區(qū)。

【常識點】

這邊的“客座率”在英語中有一個特意的表述passenger load factor（PLF），是交通輸送東西全程位子運用情景的一個估測計算目標(biāo)，指一定功夫段內(nèi)，購票搭客數(shù)在某個交通輸送東西十足可用位子總額中所占的比率。

鐵路部分在售票泉源上鞏固管理和控制，遏制乘客列車的客座率，近幾天售票會把乘客列車的客座率遏制在50%安排（make sure that train passenger load factor is around 50%），并舉行分別售票，列車處事職員在乘客上車此后會啟發(fā)大師分別就座。

其余，北京地下鐵路非共同式熱成像體溫嘗試體例布設(shè)車站已增至35座。

Compared with hand-held instruments, the thermal imaging system can automatically measure passengers' temperature, improving passenger flow at subway stations.與手持型測量溫度擺設(shè)比擬，熱成像體例不妨機(jī)動檢驗和測定搭客體溫，減少地下鐵路站搭客等候功夫。

The thermal imaging system can issue an alert when detecting passengers with abnormal body temperatures and monitor the temperatures continuously, according to Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corporation Ltd.據(jù)北京地下鐵路經(jīng)營有限公司引見，熱成像體例創(chuàng)造體溫特殊的搭客后，會對其體溫連接舉行監(jiān)測。

氣溶膠傳遞 aerosol transmission

The novel coronavirus normally does not suspend or float in the air for long, and currently no evidence has shown that the new virus can be transmitted through aerosol, Feng Luzhao, a researcher of infectious diseases with the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said at the press conference.華夏病癥提防遏制重心傳抱病提防遏制處接洽員馮錄召表白，新式冠狀宏病毒普遍不會在氣氛長久漂浮，暫時沒有證明表露新式冠狀宏病毒經(jīng)過氣溶膠傳遞。

【常識點】

氣溶膠傳遞（aerosol transmission，aerosol讀作['er?.sɑl]），是指飛沫在氣氛懸浮進(jìn)程中遺失潮氣而剩下的卵白質(zhì)（protein）和病原（pathogen）構(gòu)成的核，產(chǎn)生飛沫核（droplet nuclei），不妨經(jīng)過氣溶膠的情勢漂浮至遙遠(yuǎn)，形成遠(yuǎn)隔絕的傳遞（float for a long distance and spread the virus）。

Currently, the virus is mainly transmitted via respiratory droplets and contact, said Feng, adding that the virus is normally transmitted within a range of one to two meters.馮錄召說，新式冠狀宏病毒重要經(jīng)過透氣道飛沫傳遞和交戰(zhàn)傳遞，而飛沫傳遞隔絕很短，普遍1至2米。

He suggested the public to open windows to help with ventilation at least twice a day, which is effective to lower the risks of getting infected.他倡導(dǎo)每天起碼兩次開窗透風(fēng)，這是貶低熏染危害的靈驗辦法。

他表白，在普遍的處事生存前提下，采用精確佩帶口罩的飛沫傳遞防備辦法，是足以滿意養(yǎng)護(hù)普遍大眾不被熏染的（wearing a mask correctly is enough to protect the general public from the virus）。

農(nóng)產(chǎn)物黏附宏病毒幾率很低

馮錄召表白，宏病毒經(jīng)過飛沫、徑直交戰(zhàn)等辦法傳染到菜蔬、肉和生果的幾率很低。

He suggested that raw vegetables, meats and fruits should be washed with running water, in the meantime, people should only eat cooked vegetables and meats and fruits without peels.他倡導(dǎo)，菜蔬、肉、生果買還家后需先用清流蕩滌。菜蔬、肉類不要生食，需炒熟吃，生果盡管削皮。

The virus would die in 30 minutes at a temperature of 56 degrees Celsius, Feng said, adding that cooking temperatures usually reach 100 degrees Celsius or even higher.馮錄召說，宏病毒在溫度56℃狀況下，30秒鐘內(nèi)就能被殺死，而烤麩等溫度能到達(dá)100℃以至更高。

Feng urged people to wash their hands more frequently, especially after dealing with these agricultural products. He also advised people to use different kitchen wares, like cutting boards and knives, for raw and cooked food, respectively.處置菜蔬、肉類、生果后要準(zhǔn)時洗手。處置生食和煙火食的切菜板及刃具要劃分。

假陰性 false nagetive results

Reports that nucleic acid tests have returned false-negative results for people infected with the novel coronavirus have prompted medical workers to deploy multiple measures to identify infections and implement rigorous isolation measures amid the viral epidemic.少許新式冠狀宏病毒熏染者的核酸檢驗和測定截止展示“假陰性”，這類匯報督促醫(yī)生和護(hù)士職員采用多重辦法確診熏染者，并采用越發(fā)莊重的分隔辦法來防控疫情。

據(jù)《新京報》通訊，一位武漢來京的發(fā)燒肺炎患者2月5日在中日病院透氣四部確診為新式冠狀宏病毒熏染肺炎。

An infected patient in Beijing tested negative three times for the virus through routine throat swab nucleic acid tests. The case was eventually confirmed by extracting samples from the lower respiratory tract — a more intrusive procedure.此例患者住院前三次咽拭子新冠宏病毒核酸檢驗和測定均為陰性，住院后從下透氣道索取樣品檢驗和測定才創(chuàng)造新冠宏病毒核酸陰性。

公然材料表露，除中日病院這名“假陰性”患者外，浙江、寧夏、福建、天津已展示多例核酸檢驗和測定“假陰性”病例。

對準(zhǔn)這一情景，2月9日，國務(wù)院治安聯(lián)合防治聯(lián)控體制消息頒布會稱，任何宏病毒的核酸檢驗和測定截止都不大概是100%陰性，對新冠宏病毒的核酸檢驗和測定也不不同，“假陰性”在劫難逃。

Gao Zhancheng, head of the respiratory and critical care department at Peking University's People's Hospital, said a range of factors will impact the accuracy of nucleic acid testing, including the severity of symptoms, the illness' development, the extraction method and the circumstances at laboratories.北京大學(xué)群眾病院透氣與危重癥醫(yī)術(shù)科主任高占成說，核酸檢驗和測定截止也受患者病況輕重、病癥各別階段、取樣辦法本領(lǐng)、試驗室檢驗和測定前提感化。

"Nucleic acid testing targeting other viruses also cannot ensure full accuracy. However, such testing remains an irreplaceable way to confirm infection," he told a news conference held by the State Council's Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism on Sunday.“任何宏病毒的核酸檢驗和測定截止都不大概是100%陰性，但對于確診新冠肺炎，核酸檢驗和測定是不行或缺的本領(lǐng)?！备哒汲稍?日的國務(wù)院治安聯(lián)合防治聯(lián)控體制消息頒布會上說。

"Under the current treatment guideline, suspected cases who have tested negative for the virus once are also required to be quarantined at designated facilities for strict observation."“首次檢驗和測定陰性的似是而非患者，依照現(xiàn)行反革命國度衛(wèi)健委調(diào)理計劃訴求，還需在確定地點病院分隔查看?！?/p>

對于假陰性能否會引導(dǎo)漏診的題目，大師們表白，不用過度擔(dān)憂，病例簡直診和廢除，除去核酸檢驗和測定，還將貫串時髦病學(xué)史（ epidemiological records）、臨床癥候（clinical symptoms）、CT印象（ CT scan imaging）等確定。

新冠肺炎 COVID-19

2月11日，寰球保健構(gòu)造總管事譚德塞頒布，將新式冠狀宏病毒熏染的肺炎定名為“COVID-19”。

"We now have a name for the disease and it's COVID-19," WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told reporters in Geneva.在日內(nèi)瓦，寰球保健構(gòu)造總管事譚德塞對新聞記者表白：“咱們將這個病癥定名為COVID-19。”

這個名字COVID-19根源于corona（冠狀）、virus（宏病毒）以及disease（病癥）三個詞，而19則代辦這個病癥展示的年份2019年。新冠肺炎疫情是在2019年12月31日上報至寰球保健構(gòu)造的。

譚德塞指出：

"We had to find a name that did not refer to a geographical location, an animal, an individual or group of people, and which is also pronounceable and related to the disease," the WHO chief said.咱們要取的名字不許指向某個地輿場所、某個眾生、某部分或集體，同聲這個名字要易讀，且與該病癥關(guān)系。

"Having a name matters to prevent the use of other names that can be inaccurate or stigmatizing. It also gives us a standard format to use for any future coronavirus outbreaks."正式定名不妨遏止其余不精確大概惡名化稱呼的運用，同聲，也讓咱們在此后的冠狀宏病毒疫情定名時有規(guī)范可循。

新式冠狀宏病毒稱呼為SARS-CoV-2

The virus itself has been designated SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.新式冠狀宏病毒的稱呼則由國際宏病毒分門別類委員會指定于SARS-CoV-2。

冠狀宏病毒（coronavirus）是一個宏病毒大師族，個中囊括惹起普遍傷風(fēng)的宏病毒，以及已經(jīng)形成宏大疫情的：

? 重要慢性透氣歸納征（Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome，SARS）冠狀宏病毒；

? 中東透氣歸納征（Middle East Respiratory Syndrome，MERS）冠狀宏病毒。

此前，寰球保健構(gòu)造倡導(dǎo)運用的偶爾稱呼，英文叫“2019-nCoV”。2019指代宏病毒被創(chuàng)造的年份，反面的nCoV是“新式冠狀宏病毒”英文翻譯new/novel coronavirus的縮寫。

干什么給宏病毒起名考究這么多？

美利堅合眾國約翰斯·霍普金斯安康安定重心高檔鴻儒、輔助熏陶克麗絲特爾·沃森（Crystal Watson, senior scholar and assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security）表白固然當(dāng)下中心都放在了大眾保健應(yīng)付上，然而宏病毒定名處事也犯得著優(yōu)先處置。

"The naming of a new virus is often quite delayed and the focus until now has been on the public health response, which is understandable."“給新宏病毒的定名常常城市滯后很多，并且到暫時為止，中心都放在大眾保健應(yīng)付上，這是不妨領(lǐng)會的?！?/p>

"But there are reasons the naming should be a priority."“然而，宏病毒定名處事該當(dāng)優(yōu)先處置，是有因為的。”

她給出了幾點因為：

? "The name it has now is not easy to use and the media and the public are using other names for the virus," says Dr Watson.

“暫時的宏病毒稱呼用起來并不簡單，而媒介和大眾都在運用宏病毒的別號?！?/p>

? "The danger when you don't have an official name is that people start using terms like China Virus, and that can create a backlash against certain populations."

“沒有正式稱呼的傷害在乎，人們發(fā)端運用諸如‘華夏宏病毒’等表述，這會引導(dǎo)人們對局部一定人群爆發(fā)激烈制止。”

? With social media, unofficial names take hold quickly and are hard to take back, she says.

她說，非官方的稱呼很簡單在應(yīng)酬媒介上趕快時髦起來，這很難撤回。

本來，給宏病毒起名失慎，早已有前事不忘，后事之師。

The H1N1 virus in 2009 was dubbed "swine flu". This led Egypt to slaughter all of its pigs, even though it was spread by people, not pigs.2009年的甲型H1N1流行性感冒宏病毒曾另被稱作“豬流行性感冒”，截止引導(dǎo)埃及宰殺了境內(nèi)十足的豬。但本來這種流行性感冒宏病毒是由人傳遞，而不是豬傳遞。

正式稱呼不對適也大概激勵百般潛伏題目。

寰球保健構(gòu)造就曾在2015年品評過“中東透氣歸納征” （MERS：Middle East Respiratory Syndrome）這一稱呼。

定名中含有地域消息，這就大概導(dǎo)致不需要的地區(qū)忽視。究竟宏病毒不過在這一地域偶爾創(chuàng)造的，沒人不妨表明寰球上其余場合就不生存該宏病毒。

世衛(wèi)構(gòu)造在一篇證明中說道：

"We've seen certain disease names provoke a backlash against members of particular religious or ethnic communities, create unjustified barriers to travel, commerce and trade, and trigger needless slaughtering of food animals."“咱們提防到某些病癥的稱呼激動起了對一定宗教或是族裔分子的制止，對游覽、貿(mào)易和交易形成不得宜的妨礙，而且激勵了對食用眾生不需要的搏斗。”

2015年，世衛(wèi)構(gòu)造頒布了定名新式生人傳抱病的引導(dǎo)規(guī)則，訴求稱呼中不許包括以次消息：

◆ 地輿場所geographical locations

◆ 人名

people's names

◆ 眾生或食品的名字

the name of an animal or a kind of food

◆ 指向一定文明或行業(yè)

references to a particular culture or industry

臨床確診病例 clinically diagnosed cases

Hubei province reported 14,840 new cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia on Wednesday, compared to 1,638 new cases reported on Tuesday, according to the province’s health commission on Thursday morning.湖北省衛(wèi)健委2月13日凌晨頒布的數(shù)據(jù)表露，2月12日，各省新增新冠肺炎病例14840例，而2月11日，湖北省的新增病例為1638例。

傳遞表露，湖北省新增新冠肺炎病例14840例(含臨床確診病例13332例)。

什么是臨床確診病例（clinically diagnosed cases）？干什么要新增臨床確診病例？

In a statement released on Thursday morning, the commission said it now considers patients who are clinically diagnosed as having the novel coronavirus disease as confirmed patients when releasing the figures. Previously only patients testing positive for the virus were regarded as confirmed patients in Hubei.湖北省衛(wèi)健委在傳遞中表白，湖北省將臨床確診病例數(shù)歸入確診病例數(shù)舉行頒布。此前，惟有宏病毒檢驗和測定為陰性的患者本領(lǐng)被歸入確診患者。

跟著對新式冠狀宏病毒肺炎看法的深刻和調(diào)理體味的積聚，對準(zhǔn)湖北省疫情特性，國度保健安康委財政廳、國度國醫(yī)藥處置局接待室照發(fā)的《新式冠狀宏病毒熏染的肺炎調(diào)理計劃（試行第六版）》在湖北省的病例確診分門別類中減少了“臨床確診”，再不患者能趁早依照確診病例接收典型調(diào)節(jié)，進(jìn)一步普及救護(hù)勝利率。

中心引導(dǎo)組大師、北京向陽病院副院長童朝日表白：

Revising the diagnosis standard can help doctors give a diagnosis for the disease. They can now give a diagnosis relying on a combination of factors, such as lung images, physical conditions and epidemiological history.訂正確診規(guī)范有益于臨床大夫?qū)Σ“Y多一個確定。在臨床處事中，咱們從肺部印象、體征以及時髦病學(xué)史等上面歸納確診。

糞便樣品 stool specimens

Researchers from multiple organizations, including the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease under Guangzhou Medical University, have successfully isolated a strain of virus from swab sample of an infected patient's feces, said Zhao Jincun, a member of Chinese respiratory expert Zhong Nanshan's research group, at a press conference Thursday.鐘南山院士共青團(tuán)和少先隊大師、透氣病癥國度中心試驗室副主任趙金存熏陶引見，廣州醫(yī)中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)學(xué)透氣病癥國度中心試驗室等多個接洽組織的接洽職員，從一例新冠肺炎患者的糞便拭子標(biāo)本中辨別到一株新式冠狀宏病毒。

The swab sample was provided by the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, said Zhao, also a professor with the laboratory.該樣品是由珠海中山大學(xué)隸屬第六病院供給的糞便拭子標(biāo)本。

Meanwhile, a research team led by Li Lanjuan, a renowned Chinese epidemiologist, also isolated novel coronavirus strains from stool specimens of infected patients. Three of the five feces samples tested positive, according to Wu Nanping, deputy director of the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University.我國著名宏病毒學(xué)家李蘭娟院士共青團(tuán)和少先隊不日也同樣從患者糞便樣品中辨別到宏病毒。浙江大學(xué)傳抱病調(diào)理國度中心試驗室副主任吳南屏熏陶引見，接洽職員從5份糞便樣品中辨別到了3份新式冠狀宏病毒陰性。

趙金存表白，這個創(chuàng)造證明了排出的糞便簡直生存活宏病毒，然而暫時還沒有充溢的證傳聞明生存糞口授播（fecal-oral transmission）。

國度保健安康委消息談話人、傳播司副司長米鋒表白：

Transmission through means of respiratory and contact remain the major routes of the novel coronavirus spreading. Despite digestive tract problems of some patients, either as incipient symptoms or complications, the main clinical symptoms of the disease are fever, general weakness and dry cough, Mi said, adding that the coronavirus isolated from patients' feces is not yet illustrative to prove the change of the transmission route.盡管患者消化道癥候是初發(fā)癥候仍舊并發(fā)癥候，發(fā)燒、乏力、干咳仍舊是最要害的臨床展現(xiàn)。糞便中辨別到宏病毒并不表示著該病重要傳遞道路爆發(fā)變革，仍為透氣道和交戰(zhàn)傳遞為主。

Mi said that stomach and intestine symptoms, such as diarrhea, of some patients in the early stages, the positive test for the coronavirus nucleic acid in feces samples of patients and the isolated virus from patients' feces samples indicate the proliferation of the virus can happen in the digestive tract after infection.局部病例早期的癥候中有瀉肚等胃腸道的癥候，患者糞便的標(biāo)本中核酸檢驗和測定陰性或辨別到宏病毒，提醒熏染新冠宏病毒后，宏病毒在消化道內(nèi)也不妨增殖。

提防部分和家園保健

米鋒表白，戴好口罩和做能手保?。╳earing masks and keeping hands clean）是最要害、最靈驗的防備辦法，維持勤洗手、典型洗手和手殺菌（washing hands more frequently, in the right way and disinfection of hands），不妨從基礎(chǔ)上縮小熏染危害。

吳南屏倡導(dǎo)：大師提防大眾保健，多洗手、吃煙火食，食品要洗凈燒透（make sure that food is thoroughly cleaned and well cooked），提防部分保健及需要的渾水處置（sewage treatment）。

趙金存表白，指示大師要越發(fā)關(guān)心部分和家園的純潔，如便后洗手，提防下行道的流利（make sure the plumbing system run smoothly），以制止有大概展示的糞便宏病毒的傳遞。

血漿調(diào)節(jié) plasma therapy

In the latest guideline over the diagnosis and treatment of the virus issued on Feb 5, the top health authorities said plasma of recovering patients could be employed to fight the disease.國度保健安康委員會2月5日頒布的《新式冠狀宏病毒熏染的肺炎調(diào)理計劃(試行第六版)》，提出可沿用回復(fù)期患者的血漿調(diào)節(jié)新冠宏病毒。

行業(yè)內(nèi)部大師指出，從臨床病剪發(fā)生進(jìn)程看，大局部新冠肺炎患者過程調(diào)節(jié)痊愈后，身材內(nèi)會爆發(fā)對準(zhǔn)新冠宏病毒的奇異性抗原（antibodies for the novel coronavirus），可殺滅和廢除宏病毒。

2月8日，以新式冠狀宏病毒熏染的肺炎調(diào)理計劃(試行第六版)為指南，首期在武漢市江夏區(qū)第一群眾病院發(fā)展了3名危重患者的新冠特免血漿調(diào)節(jié)，暫時偕同后續(xù)病院調(diào)節(jié)的危宿疾人勝過了10人。

Seven patients are receiving treatment using the therapy at Jiangxia First People's Hospital, in Wuhan's Jiangxia district, Liu Bende, vice-president of the hospital, said.武漢市江夏區(qū)第一群眾病院副院長劉本德表白，該病院有7名患者正在接收回復(fù)期血漿調(diào)節(jié)。

Twelve to 24 hours after the therapy, patients have seen a decline in indicators of inflammation and a hike in lymphocytes, among other favorable turns.患者接收調(diào)節(jié)12至24鐘點后，試驗室檢驗和測定重要炎癥目標(biāo)鮮明低沉，淋巴液細(xì)胞比率飛騰，血氧飽和度、其余中心目標(biāo)所有向好。

"Of the patients, those in serious condition have not deteriorated so far, while those in a milder condition have showed improvement," he said. "In general, we have not seen serious side effects or complications due to the therapy."他指出，接收該療法的患者中，重癥患者情景沒有逆轉(zhuǎn)，癥候較輕患者情景有革新。總體來說，沒有創(chuàng)造因血漿療法而爆發(fā)重要的副效率或合并癥。

2月13日，湖北省武漢金銀箔潭病院院長張定宇在頒布會上懇請痊愈后的患者捐贈血漿，共通救濟(jì)還在與病魔作搏斗的病家。

那么，適合哪些前提的回復(fù)期患者的血漿，才會被采集樣品并運用？

上海市大眾保健臨床重心醫(yī)務(wù)部主任沈銀忠表白，

Cured patients have to meet certain criteria before donating plasma. "First, donors must be in good health… we won't collect their plasma forcefully," Shen said. "They must donate voluntarily."痊愈患者捐贈血漿要適合少許一定的訴求，開始，捐贈者身材要安康，咱們不大概強(qiáng)行去采他的血，患者要強(qiáng)迫。

江夏區(qū)第一群眾病院副院長劉本德表白，

Plasma from patients with chronic diseases cannot be used, even if they have recovered from novel coronavirus pneumonia.患有耐性病的新冠肺炎痊愈患者捐贈的血漿也不許運用。

痊愈者治愈后多久不妨捐贈？

金銀箔潭病院院長張定宇表白，倡導(dǎo)痊愈者在治愈兩周后加入捐贈（donate plasma two weeks after full recovery），如許能保護(hù)他體內(nèi)的宏病毒仍舊獲得很好地廢除。

野靈巧物違規(guī)買賣 illegal trade of wild animals

國度林草局與國度商場禁錮總局、公安部、農(nóng)業(yè)鄉(xiāng)村部、嘉峪關(guān)總署日前共同發(fā)展妨礙野靈巧物違規(guī)買賣專項法律動作，廢除和嚴(yán)酷妨礙疫情功夫野靈巧物違規(guī)買賣動作。

Sites used to breed wild animals will be placed under strict isolation, and nearby warning signs are now required, according to an announcement by the five departments released on Friday.專項法律動作訴求，莊重分隔豢養(yǎng)繁育野靈巧物場合，場合周邊該當(dāng)樹立分隔啟示標(biāo)識。

Furthermore, trade or transportation of wild animals and related products are prohibited in both brick and mortar stores and e-commerce platforms. Exceptions are only made for fished aquatic products.專項法律動作指出，除捕撈水產(chǎn)物外，嚴(yán)禁各類實業(yè)店及電商平臺等籌備場合發(fā)展任何情勢的野靈巧物及成品買賣和輸送震動。

The announcement said any store that breaks the law will be closed, and anybody illegally trading or transporting wild animals will receive heavier punishment in accordance with related laws and regulations.籌備場合一致封閉，不法從事出賣、購置、運用、輸送、帶領(lǐng)、遞送野靈巧物及成品等買賣震動的，按照關(guān)系法令規(guī)則給予從重處置。

1月26日，為謹(jǐn)防新式冠狀宏病毒熏染的肺炎疫情，阻斷大概的污染源和傳遞道路，商場禁錮總局、農(nóng)業(yè)鄉(xiāng)村部、國度林草局確定，不日起至世界疫情廢除功夫，遏止野靈巧物買賣震動（impose a temporary ban on the trade of all wild animals across the country）。

In Yunnan province, 2,351 wild animal farms have been temporarily closed to the public, and all administrative approvals related to wild animals have been suspended.云南省對2351家野靈巧物人為馴養(yǎng)繁育場合舉行了封控處置，休憩野靈巧物關(guān)系行政治審查批。

By Feb 11, the Yunnan forestry security department had handled 186 cases of illegal wild animal trading with 20 suspects being held and 1,405 live animals caught.截止2月11日，云南省叢林警察局處置野靈巧物不法買賣案子186起，抓獲疑惑人20人，收繳野靈巧物活體1405頭（只）。

時髦病學(xué)特性 epidemiological characteristics

2月17日，華夏病癥提防遏制重心新式冠狀宏病毒肺炎救急相應(yīng)體制時髦病學(xué)組在《中華時髦病學(xué)期刊》上公布新冠肺炎最新接洽《新式冠狀宏病毒肺炎時髦病學(xué)特性領(lǐng)會（the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases）》。

該接洽按照傳抱病消息體例中匯報的截止2月11日華夏本地一切新冠肺炎合計72314例病例數(shù)據(jù)，對新冠肺炎時髦病學(xué)特性舉行了刻畫和領(lǐng)會。

It finds that 80.9% of infections are classified as mild, 13.8% as severe and 4.7% as critical. The number of deaths among those infected, known as the fatality rate, remains low but rises among those over 80 years old.接洽創(chuàng)造，80.9%的新冠宏病毒熏染者為輕癥，13.8%為重癥，4.7%為危重。病死率維持在低位，然而在80歲之上人群中病死率有所飛騰。

Looking at the sex ratio, men are more likely to die (2.8%) than women (1.7%).性別比率上面，女性患者的病死率為2.8%，高于女性（1.7%）。

The study also identifies which existing illnesses put patients at risk. It puts cardiovascular disease at number one, followed by diabetes, chronic respiratory disease and hypertension.該接洽還創(chuàng)造少許現(xiàn)有病癥會對熏染者病況爆發(fā)感化，感化最大的是血汗管病癥，其次為糖尿病，耐性透氣體例病癥以及高血壓。

The paper says that a total of 3,019 health workers have been infected, 1,716 of which were confirmed cases. Five had died by February 11.接洽指出，公有3019名醫(yī)生和護(hù)士職員熏染，個中1716名為確診病例。截止2月11日，已有5名醫(yī)生和護(hù)士職員殉職。

據(jù)國度衛(wèi)健委官方網(wǎng)站數(shù)據(jù)表露，2月18日0—24時，世界除湖北以邊疆區(qū)新增確診病例56例，貫串15日表露低沉態(tài)勢。

The study suggests that the downward trend in the overall epidemic curve could mean that "isolation of whole cities, broadcast of critical information (e.g., promoting hand washing, mask wearing) with high frequency through multiple channels, and mobilization of a multi-sector rapid response teams is helping to curb the epidemic".該接洽指出，疫情總體弧線呈低沉態(tài)勢證明“都會封鎖處置，多渠道高頻次的要害消息傳遞（比方，傳播洗手、戴口罩等），以及多部分趕快相應(yīng)共青團(tuán)和少先隊的啟發(fā)在控制疫情上面表現(xiàn)了效率”。

調(diào)理計劃 treatment plan

國度衛(wèi)健委2月19日頒布《新式冠狀宏病毒肺炎調(diào)理計劃（試行第六版）》，在第六版調(diào)理計劃的普通上，對傳遞道路、臨床展現(xiàn)、調(diào)節(jié)等多上面實質(zhì)舉行了竄改細(xì)化。

The latest version of the plan abolished different epidemic-related standards inside and outside the epicenter of Hubei province, and will only identify "suspected cases" and "confirmed cases" across the country.最新版確診規(guī)范廢除了湖北省和湖北省除外其余省份的辨別，一致分為“似是而非病例”和“確診病例”兩類。

國度衛(wèi)健委相關(guān)大師表白，調(diào)理計劃五次安排革新，邊試驗邊歸納邊完備，將很多卓有成效的調(diào)節(jié)體味歸入引導(dǎo)處事傍邊，連接普及病癥的典型化調(diào)理程度。

簡直來看，第六版調(diào)理計劃將“經(jīng)透氣道飛沫和交戰(zhàn)傳遞是重要的傳遞道路”改為“經(jīng)透氣道飛沫和出色交戰(zhàn)傳遞是重要的傳遞道路（the main transmission route is droplet transmission and close contact transmission）。”“交戰(zhàn)”前減少“出色”二字。減少“在對立封鎖的情況中長功夫表露于高濃淡氣溶膠情景下生存經(jīng)氣溶膠傳遞的大概（aerosol transmission of the novel coronavirus is possible if one is exposed to a highly concentrated mixture in an enclosed area for an extended period）?！?/p>

臨床展現(xiàn)上，重癥患者重要者除去“趕快發(fā)達(dá)為慢性透氣困頓歸納征（develop rapidly into Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome）、膿毒癥虛脫（septic shock）、難以矯正的新陳代謝性酸酸中毒（difficult-to-tackle metabolic acidosis）和出凝血功效妨礙（bleeding and coagulation dysfunction）”外，還可展示“多器官功效枯竭（multiple organ failure）”。

其余，在重癥、危重癥病例的調(diào)節(jié)（treatment of patients displaying serious or critical symptoms）中，對痊愈者血漿調(diào)節(jié)（infusions of blood plasma from recovered patients）的實用癥和用法、用量進(jìn)一步細(xì)化。

犯得著提防的是，調(diào)理計劃還減少了“出院后提防事變”，患者出院后，因回復(fù)期肌體免疫性功效卑下，有熏染其余病原危害，應(yīng)連接舉行14天自我安康情景監(jiān)測（recovered patients should monitor health conditions and continue to quarantine themselves for 14 days），佩帶口罩，有前提的寓居在透風(fēng)杰出的單人屋子，縮小與家人的近隔絕出色交戰(zhàn)，分餐茶飯，做能手保健，制止出門震動。倡導(dǎo)在出院后第2周、第4精心病院隨同訪問、復(fù)診（at the second and fourth week after being discharged, they are supposed to revisit the hospital and undergo a checkup）。

減輕企業(yè)社會保障費 cut corporate contributions to social insurance

人社部會同財務(wù)部、稅務(wù)總局接洽擬訂了《對于階段性減輕企業(yè)社會保障費的報告》，精確了免、減、緩三項辦法。

To help enterprises withstand the epidemic and stabilize employment, the country will cut corporate contributions to the old-age pension, unemployment and workplace safety insurance funds by at least 500 billion yuan this year, according to You Jun, vice-minister of human resources and social security.人社部副司長游鈞表白，為了扶助企業(yè)制止疫情、寧靜工作，我國本年將減輕養(yǎng)老、賦閑以及工傷這三項社會保障單元的繳費，估計減輕范圍將超5000億元。

【常識點】

我國的社會養(yǎng)老保險軌制(social insurance system)由五險一金構(gòu)成。所謂五險一金，即養(yǎng)老保障(endowment insurance)、調(diào)理保障(medical insurance)、賦閑保障(unemployment insurance)、工傷保障(employment injury insurance)和生養(yǎng)保障(maternity insurance)，及住宅公共積累(housing provident fund)。

游鈞在國務(wù)院治安聯(lián)合防治聯(lián)控體制消息頒布會上說:

Nationwide micro, small-and medium-sized enterprises－as well as all types of enterprises in Hubei province, the outbreak epicenter－will be eligible for exemption of the old-age pension, unemployment and workplace safety insurance payments from February to June.免，即從2020年2月起，各省份不妨對中型小型微企業(yè)的養(yǎng)老、賦閑、工傷保障的三項社會養(yǎng)老保險的單元繳費舉行免征，免征的克日不勝過5個月，即免征的策略不妨實行到6月份。湖北省不妨將免征的范疇夸大到各類參保企業(yè)。

Large enterprises outside Hubei will see their contributions halved from February to April.減，即湖北除外的世界其余省份對巨型企業(yè)等其余參保單元的三項社會養(yǎng)老保險單元繳費可折半征收，減征的克日不勝過3個月。

Companies undergoing severe difficulties due to the epidemic are eligible for the deferral of the three types of social insurance payments for as long as six months.No overdue fine will be charged during this period.緩，即受疫情感化，消費籌備展示重要艱巨的企業(yè)可請求緩繳，緩繳的克日規(guī)則上不勝過6個月，緩繳功夫免收滯納金。

其余，住宅城市和鄉(xiāng)村樹立部會同財務(wù)部、華夏群眾錢莊接洽提出了對于住宅公共積累的扶助策略。

Before the end of June, companies may also apply for deferring their payments to the housing provident fund. Failure by employees to repay their housing provident fund loans due to the epidemic will not be taken as a default.企業(yè)可按規(guī)則請求在2020年6月30日前緩繳住宅公共積累。受疫情感化住宅公共積累貸款不許平常還款的，不作過期處置。

一線醫(yī)生和護(hù)士職員 frontline medical workers

2月22日，中心應(yīng)付新式冠狀宏病毒熏染肺炎疫情處事引導(dǎo)小組照發(fā)《對于所有落實進(jìn)一步養(yǎng)護(hù)關(guān)憐愛護(hù)醫(yī)務(wù)職員幾何辦法的報告》（以次簡稱《報告》）。

Front-line medical workers in Hubei province, including those with medical assistance teams from other parts of the country, will have their salaries tripled during the epidemic control fight, and subsidies for them will be further boosted, according to the document.《報告》指出，將湖北?。ê闭{(diào)理隊）一線醫(yī)務(wù)職員薪酬程度普及2倍，同聲進(jìn)一步普及偶爾性處事扶助。

【單詞解說】

Triple在這邊用作動詞，道理是“（使）增至三倍”，比方，一著名醫(yī)生務(wù)處事職員從來的月給是8000元，即使下個月的報酬是8000元的triple，那即是24000元，本質(zhì)上報酬減少的幅度為原報酬的兩倍16000元，華文風(fēng)氣表白為“普及了兩倍”。其余表白倍數(shù)的詞double（兩倍）、quadruple（四倍）等也是同樣的用法。

《報告》指出，新冠肺炎疫情爆發(fā)此后，世界宏大醫(yī)務(wù)職員破釜沉舟沖上疫情防控第一線，為養(yǎng)護(hù)群眾人命安康作出宏大奉獻(xiàn)。暫時世界疫情防控加入要害功夫，醫(yī)務(wù)職員處事工作重、熏染危害高、處事壓力大，各地各相關(guān)部分必須莫大關(guān)心對她們的養(yǎng)護(hù)、關(guān)懷、保護(hù)，鞏固各上面扶助保護(hù)，廢除她們的后顧之憂，使她們一直維持宏大戰(zhàn)役力、振奮斗志、振奮精神，連接安康、心無旁騖加入克服疫情搏斗。

除普及薪酬報酬除外，《報告》還提出了其余養(yǎng)護(hù)關(guān)憐愛護(hù)醫(yī)務(wù)職員的辦法。

要做好工傷認(rèn)定和報酬保護(hù)。

Streamlined procedures to facilitate compensation for work-related infections will be provided.簡化索賠步調(diào)，保護(hù)醫(yī)務(wù)職員準(zhǔn)時享用工傷保障報酬。

要實行簡稱評定和聘任歪斜辦法。

Front-line medical workers who have participated in epidemic prevention and control will be given preference in cases of getting promotions or applying for professional titles.一線醫(yī)務(wù)職員在任稱評定和聘任中優(yōu)先申訴、優(yōu)先參加評比、優(yōu)先聘請。

要落實一線醫(yī)務(wù)職員生存保護(hù)。

Clean and nutritious meals should be provided, together with comfortable living environment and commuter services.純潔、養(yǎng)分、便利的就餐效勞，安寧的生存休憩情況，并處置通勤題目。

要鞏固醫(yī)務(wù)職員部分防備。

The circular also stressed that demand for protective equipment at designated hospitals, fever clinics and quarantine facilities must be prioritized.鼎力保護(hù)確定地點救護(hù)病院、發(fā)搶手診、會合分隔查看點等一線醫(yī)務(wù)職員防備物質(zhì)需要。

要保證替換修整到位。

Medical workers will take mandatory rest after long working hours, their paid vacation days should be increased after the epidemic.對長功夫高負(fù)載處事職員安置強(qiáng)迫休憩。疫情緒束后，符合減少休憩和帶薪放假功夫。

要準(zhǔn)時做好情緒調(diào)適溝通。

Medical workers will receive mental health consultation.發(fā)展一線醫(yī)務(wù)職員情緒安康評價。

要真實落實有艱巨家園的光顧幫扶。

Family members of medical workers who have difficulties in their daily lives will receive greater support, according to the circular. They will gain improved access to medical care, and community officials will be responsible for providing assistance to them, including their children.開明一線醫(yī)務(wù)職員家眷就診綠色通道，創(chuàng)造社區(qū)干部接洽幫扶一線醫(yī)務(wù)職員家園軌制，對于一線醫(yī)務(wù)職員后代培養(yǎng)賦予更多扶助關(guān)愛。

要創(chuàng)作越發(fā)安定的執(zhí)業(yè)情況。

We should safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of medical workers.保護(hù)醫(yī)務(wù)職員正當(dāng)權(quán)力。

要發(fā)展義士表揚和進(jìn)步贊美。

We should award outstanding medical workers and honor those who died fighting the epidemic as martyrs, and give preferential treatment to their children in school enrolling.照章做好因疫情防控喪失殉職職員的義士評定和表揚處事，對于贏得贊美以及被認(rèn)定于義士的醫(yī)務(wù)職員的后代，在入學(xué)升學(xué)上面按規(guī)則享用關(guān)系報酬。

景區(qū)實名制購票 real-name ticketing at scenic spots

文明和旅行部2月25日下發(fā)的《旅行景區(qū)回復(fù)盛開疫情防控辦法指南》精確，景區(qū)回復(fù)盛開應(yīng)維持分辨別級規(guī)則，不搞“慢慢來”，疫情高危害地域旅行景區(qū)暫緩盛開，疫情中、低危害地域的旅行景區(qū)盛開由本地中國共產(chǎn)黨的委員會當(dāng)局確定。

The guidelines required real-name ticketing, registration of tourists' contact and travel information and big data-powered monitoring of tourist information as scenic attractions have gradually started reopening to the public.跟著各地旅行景區(qū)連接回復(fù)盛開，指南訴求景區(qū)舉行實名制購票，記載入園乘客結(jié)合辦法、交易交通等消息，運用大數(shù)據(jù)等本領(lǐng)，做好乘客消息動靜監(jiān)測。

指南訴求：

各地回復(fù)盛開的景區(qū)應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制乘客流量（control tourist volume），靈驗采用入場券預(yù)定、聰慧啟發(fā)等本領(lǐng)，科學(xué)分流溝通乘客，提防職員會合（avoid crowds）。

應(yīng)采用分時段、間隙性方法安置乘客入園（allow tourists admission during different time periods），景區(qū)出進(jìn)口（entrances and exits of scenic spots）、要害觀賞點（hot tourist spots）等簡單展示職員會合的場所要裝備處置職員，鞏固乘客程序處置。

指南激動各景區(qū)采用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)售票（online ticketing）、二維碼驗票（check in with QR code）等辦法縮小職員交戰(zhàn)，乘客在丈量體溫、佩帶口罩大后方可入園（tourists should have their temperatures taken and wear masks before entrance）。

對創(chuàng)造似是而非病例的景區(qū)，要登時采用分隔辦法（take quarantine measures），鞏固出色交戰(zhàn)者躡蹤（tracking close contacts）、疫點殺菌處事（disinfection），并姑且封閉景區(qū)，待情景獲得遏制后，再按步調(diào)申報批準(zhǔn)回復(fù)盛開。

景區(qū)回復(fù)盛開前應(yīng)做好職工安康監(jiān)測和匯報（monitor and report their employees' health conditions），控制職工出外軌跡（travel records）等情景，對來自疫情重要地域的職員要實行分隔查看，舉行“一進(jìn)一測一備案”軌制，加入景區(qū)前須舉行體溫檢驗和測定。

碩士接洽生擴(kuò)大招生 expand enrolment of postgraduates

不日召開的國務(wù)院常務(wù)聚會推出激動吸收接納高等院校結(jié)業(yè)生和農(nóng)夫工工作的辦法。

he meeting decided to expand the enrolment of postgraduates and degree programs for junior college graduates, create more jobs in medical and social services at the community level, and strengthen support for micro and small enterprises to recruit more college graduates.聚會確定，夸大本年碩士接洽生招生和?？飘厴I(yè)生升入本科范圍，減少下層調(diào)理、社會效勞等崗?fù)ふ心挤秶哟髮π∥⑵髽I(yè)吸收接納高等院校結(jié)業(yè)生工作的扶助。

【單詞解說】

在海外大學(xué)招生的進(jìn)程中，常常會看到admission和enrolment這兩個詞，簡直說來，admission指的是這個書院的招生前提，適合這個前提的弟子都不妨投考/請求這個書院，以是，admission普遍指所有的招生當(dāng)選進(jìn)程；而enrolment則指結(jié)果被書院當(dāng)選、弟子入校備案。固然，admission在凡是的運用中再有“承諾加入（某地）”的道理，比方admission fee即是“出場費、入場券費”。

培養(yǎng)部的數(shù)據(jù)表露，報名加入2020年碩士接洽生考查的考新人數(shù)革新高。

A total of 3.41 million people took part in China's 2020 national entrance exam for postgraduate studies in Decembber, 510,000 more than last year, the Ministry of Education said. A record 8.74 million university students are expected to graduate this year.客歲12月份加入2020年碩士接洽生考查的考生到達(dá)341萬，比上年減少了51萬。本年的大學(xué)結(jié)業(yè)生估計將有874萬。

國務(wù)院常務(wù)聚會推出的其余激動工作辦法還囊括：

啟發(fā)用人單元延遲口試和當(dāng)選功夫（postpone interviews and hiring），對推遲離校應(yīng)屆結(jié)業(yè)生延遲報到、落戶等時間限制（delay the registration time and settlement of hukou for graduates who defer their graduation）。

對離校未工作高等院校結(jié)業(yè)生供給2年戶口和檔案托管（unemployed graduates can have their hukou and personal files held in trust for two years），按應(yīng)屆結(jié)業(yè)生身份處置工作手續(xù)。

主動夸大農(nóng)夫工工作。加大穩(wěn)崗和工作扶助。拓寬馬上就近工作渠道（create more local or nearby jobs）。

新上一批啟發(fā)工作本領(lǐng)強(qiáng)的名目（a group of new projects providing a large number of posts will be approved）。

宏大工程樹立、以工代賑名目優(yōu)先吸收接納艱難處事力（prioritize poverty-stricken workers in recruitment）。

共享職工 employee sharing

新冠肺炎疫情打亂了很多行業(yè)的陣地。很多餐飲企業(yè)蒙受嚴(yán)冬，門可羅雀客流荒涼；新零賣企業(yè)的線上訂單卻呈暴發(fā)式延長，人員展示缺乏，所以展示了“共享職工”這一新的用功形式。

Several Chinese companies are temporarily hiring — or “sharing” — employees from businesses that haven’t resumed operations or are only partially operating due to concerns over the novel coronavirus epidemic. The so-called shared employees, known as gongxiang yuangong in Chinese, are being hired by supermarkets, e-commerce platforms’ retail stores, and other companies or factories to ease the workforce crunch.我國多家企業(yè)正在偶爾雇傭由于新冠疫情而沒有復(fù)職或僅局部復(fù)職企業(yè)的職工。那些職工被稱為“共享職工”，她們受雇于超級市場、電商零賣店以及其余公司或工場以緩和用功荒。

2朔望，盒馬鮮生超級市場頒布公布，頒布接收云層肴、青春餐廳的局部職工入駐盒馬門店處事，關(guān)系協(xié)作波及上海、北京、南京等多地，合計近500人。

According to domestic media outlet National Business Daily, more than 3,000 new employees had joined Hema as of Feb 19, while over 4,000 people had signed up for the “talent-sharing” plan under Suning’s logistics arm as of Feb 21. The American supermarket chain Walmart has also joined in the trend, hiring more than 3,000 temporary workers from other sectors to work at its branches in cities like Beijing, Fuzhou, and Shenzhen.據(jù)《每天財經(jīng)消息》通訊，截止2月19日，仍舊有3000多名職工介入盒馬鮮生；截止2月21日，有4000多人介入蘇寧旗下物流公司的“人才共享”安置。美利堅合眾國連鎖超級市場沃爾瑪也介入這一隊伍，從其余行業(yè)偶爾雇傭了3000多名職工在其北京、福州以及深圳的分行處事。

其余，京東7FRESH、永輝等多家零賣企業(yè)以及哈啰出外等共享單車企業(yè)也連接頒布“職工共享”安置，向偶爾停業(yè)的餐飲、棧房、影院等企業(yè)職工發(fā)出恭請，以期抱團(tuán)取暖，共克時艱。

Bike-sharing company Hellobike has opened 8,000 positions nationwide for bicycle maintenance, according to state-owned Xinhua News Agency. In Hefei, capital of the eastern Anhui province, Hellobike is seeking 300 temporary workers, while 40 employees from a local hotel have started working at an industrial park on one-month contracts.據(jù)新華通訊社通訊，共享單車企業(yè)哈啰出外已面向世界發(fā)出8000個腳踏車保護(hù)崗?fù)?。在安徽省合肥市，哈啰出外正在招?00名偶爾職工，與此同聲，本地一家賓館的40名職工仍舊在一個產(chǎn)業(yè)園上崗，公約期為一個月。

中南財政和經(jīng)濟(jì)政法大學(xué)學(xué)數(shù)字財經(jīng)接洽院實行院長盤和林指出，“共享職工（employee sharing）”在姑且處事力多余的保守餐飲業(yè)與姑且處事力緊俏的新興電商零賣平臺之間激勵了處事共享，保守餐飲企業(yè)、電商零賣平臺和職工三方都解了兵臨城下（address the pressing need of traditional catering enterprises, e-commerce platforms and workers）。

然而，“共享職工”形式大概生存的用功危害也激勵了關(guān)心。

業(yè)渾家士覺得，在勞務(wù)聯(lián)系下，“共享職工”形式屬于跨行業(yè)借調(diào)用功的形式，即社會養(yǎng)老保險仍由原單元交納、報酬由濫用單元接受并由原單元控制散發(fā)。

Yao Junchang, a lawyer with Beijing Weiheng Law Firm, told Workers’ Daily that companies hiring temporary workers should include detailed provisions in their agreements, including the duration of employment, salary and policy for work-related injury compensation.北京煒衡狀師工作所共同人姚均昌狀師在接收《工人晚報》新聞記者采訪時指出，企業(yè)該當(dāng)就職工的雇傭克日、報酬規(guī)范、工傷補償負(fù)擔(dān)接受等上面作出簡直商定。

“At the same time, the companies lending the employees should sign a complete secondment arrangement, pay employees in full, and pay social security on time,” he said. “Employees should pay more attention to safety precautions and require a tripartite agreement or labor agreement to be signed during the temporary employment period and keep records as evidence.”同聲，借出企業(yè)要簽署完備的借調(diào)和議、準(zhǔn)時足額為職工交納社會養(yǎng)老保險并付出報酬，保護(hù)職工的正當(dāng)權(quán)力；職工應(yīng)更提防安定防備，借調(diào)功夫該當(dāng)訴求簽署三方和議或勞務(wù)和議，保持好處事記載和證明。

（華夏晚報網(wǎng)英語點津 Helen）

根源：華夏晚報網(wǎng)

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